Learn with Chris Parks · Volume VII of XIII
7The tritone, the family and the diminished
Where dominants come from: the tritone, the creation theory, the four-dominant family and its minor 6s, and the diminished and whole-tone colours they explain.
Map of this module what each idea builds on
Ideas in this module 18
- 1The tritone
- 2Making the tritone resolve
- 3Dominant, half step up, back, tritone
- 4Barry’s creation theory
- 5The family of dominants
- 6Play with family first
- 7Minor 6 chords from the diminished
- 8Don’t think altered, think family
- 9The tritone’s minor
- 10Family triads
- 11Triad plus one diminished note
- 12The diminished scale: a diminished plus four tonics
- 13Come up a diminished from the third
- 14Soloing with the diminished
- 15One family member and the diminished
- 16The whole-tone scale
- 17Augmented arpeggio on the dominant
- 18The six-note scale
Idea 1 of 18
The tritone
A dominant’s tritone is the dominant three whole steps away (F7 and B7, G7 and D flat 7), and the two share their third and seventh, swapped. Barry’s rule: when a dominant is going home a fourth higher, to any kind of chord on that root, you may play its tritone, but not when it goes somewhere else. Everything you know on the dominant then works on the tritone too, so it can replace the dominant, follow it in a scale outline, or explain notes outside the scale.
Practise it: Learn the full routine (scale, thirds, triads, chords, pivots, half-step rules, important arpeggios) on the tritone dominant, then practise running a dominant into its tritone and work it into scale outlines.
More on this 33 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called Into the tritone, Barry’s tritone rule, tritone rule, tritone substitute, flat five dominant, play outside with the tritone, tritone sub, tritone substitution
Where Chris teaches it
- 1:47Movements in the first four bars of the blues · Episode 7
Blues bars 1-4: C7, F7, C7, then F sharp 7 into F7. - 9:44Movements in the first four bars of the blues · Episode 7
A whole class hour on running C7 into F sharp 7. - 6:24Scales for Donna Lee · Episode 9
Donna Lee: A flat into B7, the tritone of F7; A is the third of F and the flat 7 of B. - 11:56The bridge of Cherokee and tricky spots · Episode 11
Cherokee: F sharp 7 brings in its tritone C7. - 12:13First 4 Bars of I Got Rhythm · Episode 20
Rhythm changes: B7 instead of F7; C sharp 7 instead of G7. - 6:59Soloing on Dominants · Episode 22
Rhythm bridge: D7 into A flat 7, thinking both scales. - 10:20Major Scale Half-Step Rules · Episode 25
G sharp over C7 heard as the second of F sharp 7. - 4:47Chords in the Major Scale · Episode 26
D minor 7 going to D flat 7, G7’s tritone. - 8:53Creating lines on a minor II-V · Episode 38
E7’s tritone is B flat 7: the third of E is the flat seventh of B flat, and the flat seventh of E is the third of B flat. - 9:27Creating lines on a minor II-V · Episode 38
G7 run into B flat 7, resolving to A minor. - 8:07A very important arpeggio · Episode 52
D7 is also the tritone of A flat 7, so the same lines must resolve to D flat major. - 9:10Yet Another Very Important Arpeggio · Episode 53
D7 going to D flat major, as in Body and Soul. - 4:24Don’t Think 2-5, Just Think 5 · Episode 57
Rule: any dominant going home a fourth higher, to major, minor or dominant, can take its tritone; F7’s is B7. - 5:02Don’t Think 2-5, Just Think 5 · Episode 57
The thirds and sevenths flip-flop, so F7’s material works on B7. - 9:57Middle of a blues: bars 5 to 8 · Episode 58
In a C blues, the tritone of A7 is E flat 7: C major running into E flat 7. - 6:07Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
F7 into A flat 7, D7’s tritone and a family member. - 3:07Lines Using Drop 2 on Rhythm Changes · Episode 68
Rhythm changes: F7’s tritone B7, B flat 7’s tritone E7. - 0:00The Tritone · Episode 77
A tritone is three whole steps away; it is part of the family and shares the third and seventh. - 0:43The Tritone · Episode 77
B flat 7 to E flat (7, major or minor) can use E7; B flat 7 going to C major cannot. - 10:44Don’t Learn Target Notes; Barry’s Beautiful Chromatic Scale · Episode 80
To play outside, run F7 into its tritone B7 over C minor - 4:32Don’t Think C9 · Episode 81
C blues: C’s tritone F#7, played as Db minor 6 - 8:52Barry’s scale outline for a C minor blues · Episode 85
F#7 instead of Eb7 down to the third of C, running into F minor 6 - 4:45A Minor 7 Flat 5 Is Beautiful · Episode 86
Ending the A half diminished on D7’s tritone, Ab7 - 7:05Don’t Be Bored of the Blues · Episode 91
Bb7’s tritone E7 into Eb7 in bars 1-2 of a blues - 3:32Scales on the blues revisited, with tritones · Episode 100
Tritone is three whole steps: C7 up, F#7 up in bars 3-4 - 6:25Scales on the blues revisited, with tritones · Episode 100
A7’s tritone Eb7 after C major; G7’s tritone Db7 - 1:24Do You Know Rhythm Changes? · Episode 101
Rhythm changes: Bb, B7, Bb, F7; then B7 over the whole first part - 14:22Do You Know Rhythm Changes? · Episode 101
G7’s tritone Db7: a chord down from the second of Db - 9:35What almost everyone gets wrong about Barry’s harmony · Episode 151
G7’s tritone, Db7, comes from the same diminished - 6:31Barry’s secret to playing through changes · Episode 153
The rule: a dominant going home a fourth higher can use its tritone; Bb7 to Eb7 becomes E7 - 9:09Barry’s secret to playing through changes · Episode 153
Blues outline with the tritone: Bb7 up, Eb7 up, Bb7 up, E7 up, into Eb7 - 2:13Ways to play the first four bars of the blues · Episode 160
Going home to Eb can mean Eb major, minor or 7; guitarists already play Bb7 to E7 - 2:46Ways to play the first four bars of the blues · Episode 160
Outline variants: Bb7 Eb7 Bb7 E7; Bb7 Eb7 E7 up and down; E7 Eb7 Bb7 E7
Idea 2 of 18
Making the tritone resolve
The real work is making the tritone line flow into the next chord, so it sounds out without being dramatic. Barry studies which notes of the tritone surround notes of the target: E and D (of E7) surround E flat, E and F sharp surround F, and so on. Another device is to play a phrase on the dominant and repeat it on the tritone.
Practise it: For each note of the target chord, find the two tritone notes that surround it and build a resolving line; then play a phrase on B flat 7 and the same phrase on E7.
More on this 8 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called tritone notes surround the target
Where Chris teaches it
- 2:11The Tritone · Episode 77
E7 normally resolves to A; here it must flow into E flat 7, which is the tricky part. - 2:50The Tritone · Episode 77
E and D of E7 surround E flat, the tonic of E flat 7. - 3:37The Tritone · Episode 77
The tonic and second of E7 (E, F sharp) surround F, the second of E flat 7. - 4:16The Tritone · Episode 77
The third and second of E7 (G sharp, F sharp) surround G, the third of E flat 7. - 4:47The Tritone · Episode 77
The third of E7 is the fourth of E flat 7: a tricky spot. - 6:07The Tritone · Episode 77
The fourth and fifth of E7 (A, B) surround B flat; the fifth and sixth (B, C sharp) surround C. - 8:38The Tritone · Episode 77
Play a phrase on the dominant, then the same on the tritone, adjusted to fit. - 12:39The Tritone · Episode 77
Barry’s tritones sound out but resolve so effortlessly that the out sounds better; Sonny Rollins does it too.
Idea 3 of 18
Dominant, half step up, back, tritone
A device Barry used on a dominant: play the dominant, the dominant a half step above, back to the original, then its tritone. On the rhythm bridge this gives D7-Eb7-D7-Ab7, G7-Ab7-G7-Db7, C7-Db7-C7-F#7, F7-F#7-F7-B7.
Practise it: Go up a chord from the third, come down the same chord from the second, then the tritone; try it from the fifth too.
Idea 4 of 18
Barry’s creation theory
Barry’s account of where everything comes from: the 12 notes of the chromatic scale (the universe) split into two six-note whole-tone scales (‘man and woman’), two notes from each whole-tone scale make a diminished seventh chord, and there are only three of those (‘the children’). Every dominant, minor 6 and scale of chords traces back to one of the three diminished chords, and every stage still adds up to the same 12 notes. Chris stresses the order: dominants don’t rule over the diminished, they come from it, which is why Barry describes where a scale comes from rather than its interval pattern.
Practise it: Reciting the theory is not enough: turn each step into something you can play, such as family dominants, family triads and runs built on one diminished chord.
More on this 15 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called Creation theory, the universe, man and woman, the children, where the diminished comes from, chromatic scale, two whole tones, three diminished, four dominants, man and woman, the children, chromatic, whole tone, diminished, hierarchy of chords, the musical universe
Where Chris teaches it
- 0:00Playing with the family of dominants · Episode 10
Chromatic scale to two whole-tone scales to three diminished chords to four dominants. - 0:00The Whole Tone Scale · Episode 44
The chromatic scale breaks into two whole-tone scales which together make all 12 notes. - 0:00Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
Chromatic scale to two whole-tone scales to three diminished chords, as the source of the family of dominants. - 0:31Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
Two notes from each whole-tone scale make a diminished; three of them come from the original 12 notes. - 3:52IV Minor (Just Friends) · Episode 88
The diminished scale should not be called half-step whole-step, because that only describes degrees - 0:35Diminished Explained · Episode 93
Twelve notes, two whole-tone scales, three diminished chords (C, C#, D); Eb diminished repeats C diminished - 2:41Diminished Explained · Episode 93
Why Barry does not like calling it the half-step whole-step or octatonic scale: say where it comes from - 0:39There’s more to it than 6th diminished · Episode 106
The creation theory retold as the source of the four scales of chords - 3:01Using Barry’s scales of chords · Episode 108
Chromatic scale as universe, whole-tone scales as man and woman, the three diminished as their babies; G7 comes from Ab diminished - 1:14Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
Lays out the hierarchy (chromatic, two whole tones, three diminished) as the reason altered notes work. - 8:23Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
Sums up: one idea, chromatic to whole tone to diminished to dominants and minor sixes, explains every alteration. - 0:00Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
Introduces Barry’s creation theory as the basis for playing with family. - 11:55Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
The hierarchy is what matters: dominants do not dominate the diminished they come from. - 0:00Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
With Thomas Eccles: 12 tones, two whole-tone scales of six notes, three diminished chords, then the dominants. - 11:24Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
You can recite the creation theory, but it has to mean something musically.
Idea 5 of 18
The family of dominants
Lower any one note of a diminished chord a half step and you get a dominant 7; doing it to each note gives four dominants a minor third apart (C sharp diminished gives C7, E flat 7, F sharp 7 and A7), which Barry calls a family. Their roots form another diminished chord, and because the four share one source any member can stand in for another. Raising a note instead gives a minor 6, and between them these explain where altered sounds come from.
Practise it: Take a diminished chord and lower each note in turn, naming the dominant you get each time; then raise each note to find the minor 6 chords, and use the four dominants as swappable sounds over one dominant.
- C
- E♭
- G♭
- A
- D♭
- E
- G
- B♭
- C
- C#
- E♭
- E
- G♭
- G
- A
- B♭
- A♭
- B
- D
- F
More on this 33 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called The dominant family, Family of dominants, The four family dominants, Raise or lower one note of a diminished, four dominants from one diminished, lower one note of the diminished, four dominants from a diminished, family, brothers and sisters, family members
Where Chris teaches it
- 0:46Playing with the family of dominants · Episode 10
C diminished: lower each note to get B7, F7, A flat 7 and D7. - 1:52Playing with the family of dominants · Episode 10
The four roots themselves make a diminished chord. - 11:56The bridge of Cherokee and tricky spots · Episode 11
F sharp 7 to C7 is one of F sharp 7’s family. - 1:48Soloing with the Diminished · Episode 21
D flat diminished gives C7, F sharp 7, A7 and E flat 7 (the caption mishears F sharp 7 as F sharp diminished). - 4:08Creating lines on the movement from I to the flat III diminished · Episode 41
B flat diminished: lowering each note gives A7, C7, E flat 7 and G flat 7. - 5:20Creating lines on the movement from I to the flat III diminished · Episode 41
One family member, G flat: a G flat major arpeggio over the flat-three diminished. - 3:24Middle of a blues: bars 5 to 8 · Episode 58
From F sharp diminished: B, D, F and A flat dominants. - 1:04Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
C diminished: lower C to get B7, F sharp to F to get F7, A to A flat to get A flat 7, D sharp to D to get D7. - 2:12Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
So B7, D7, F7 and A flat 7 are family. - 6:07Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
F7 into A flat 7 on the bridge of All the Things You Are. - 8:22Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
D7 into F7, B7’s tritone. - 9:36Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
Barry: when you grow up you play with family first, brothers and sisters. - 11:50Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
Practice: one dominant scale everywhere, then movements, then family members. - 0:00The Tritone · Episode 77
The tritone works partly because it is in the family of dominants. - 9:46Using Barry’s Scales of Chords on a 2-5 · Episode 79
Lower one note of D diminished to get G7, Db7, Bb7 and E7 - 3:08IV Minor (Just Friends) · Episode 88
Eb7, C7, F#7 and A7 are family; their roots form a diminished - 3:52IV Minor (Just Friends) · Episode 88
Lower each note of E diminished to find Eb7, A7, C7 and F#7 - 9:41IV Minor (Just Friends) · Episode 88
Eb7 into F major works because of practising family first - 1:11Diminished Explained · Episode 93
C# diminished (C#, E, G, Bb): lower each note to get C7, F#7, A7 and Eb7 - 2:41Diminished Explained · Episode 93
The four roots plus the diminished make the half-step whole-step (octatonic) scale - 4:14Using Barry’s scales of chords · Episode 108
G7 comes from Ab diminished; lowering D to Db gives Db7, its family member - 1:48Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
From A-flat diminished: lower Ab to G for G7, D to Db for Db7, F to E for E7, B to Bb for Bb7. - 2:24Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
The family of G7: G7, Bb7, Db7 and E7. - 0:33Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
From F diminished for E7: F to E gives E7, B to Bb gives Bb7, D to Db gives Db7, Ab to G gives G7. - 0:50Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
Thomas Eccles names the four dominants from B diminished: G7, Bb7, Db7 and E7. - 5:18Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
Lower each note of the diminished in turn to show where the rest of the family comes from. - 7:13What almost everyone gets wrong about Barry’s harmony · Episode 151
Creation theory: 12 chromatic notes, two six-note whole-tone scales, three diminished chords - 8:26What almost everyone gets wrong about Barry’s harmony · Episode 151
B diminished with the Ab lowered to G gives G7 - 9:35What almost everyone gets wrong about Barry’s harmony · Episode 151
From the same B diminished, lowering D to Db gives Db7, G7’s tritone - 10:25What almost everyone gets wrong about Barry’s harmony · Episode 151
People reach for melodic minor over altered dominants but can’t say where it comes from; Barry’s diminished can - 11:17What almost everyone gets wrong about Barry’s harmony · Episode 151
Raising the D of B diminished instead gives Ab minor 6, the minor 6 on the fifth of Db7 - 13:20What almost everyone gets wrong about Barry’s harmony · Episode 151
Raising the Ab gives B minor 7 flat 5 (G9), which is D minor 6 diminished - 10:12Six must-know ii-Vs · Episode 158
The diminished reached in the ii-V moves is what all the minor 6s and dominants come from
Idea 6 of 18
Play with family first
Running each dominant into the other members of its family covers the most common movements: D7 to F7 is ii to iv minor in G, D7 to B7 is going to the relative minor, D7 to A flat 7 is the tritone. Once you can play within the family you play through the changes rather than over them.
Practise it: Write lines running D7 into F7, B7 and A flat 7 using the half-step rules, surrounding and triplets.
More on this 5 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called Learn to play with family first, running one dominant into another, D7 into F7, B7, A flat 7
Where Chris teaches it
- 3:50Playing with the family of dominants · Episode 10
D7 into F7: in G, F7’s ii is C minor, the four minor. - 4:26Playing with the family of dominants · Episode 10
D7 into B7 for going to the relative minor; D7 into A flat 7 as the tritone. - 5:07Playing with the family of dominants · Episode 10
F7 as the tritone of B7, going into E minor. - 5:43Playing with the family of dominants · Episode 10
Example lines: two half steps from the second of D7 into F7; one half step into E minor. - 9:16Playing with the family of dominants · Episode 10
Playing through the changes, not over them.
Idea 7 of 18
Minor 6 chords from the diminished
Raise any one note of a diminished chord a half step and you get a minor 6 chord, so each diminished also gives four minor 6 chords. Each of them is the minor 6 on the fifth of one of the four family dominants, which is why, on G7, D minor 6 and A flat minor 6 sound right. Chris says he has never heard anyone else point this out, and it is how Barry explains chords that others name with alterations.
Practise it: Raise each note of one diminished chord in turn and match each minor 6 to the dominant whose fifth it sits on; then use them over the dominants of the same family.
More on this 10 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called The four family minor sixes, raising a note of the diminished, raise one note of the diminished
Where Chris teaches it
- 10:25Using Barry’s Scales of Chords on a 2-5 · Episode 79
Raise one note of D diminished to get Ab minor 6, D minor 6, F minor 6 and B minor 6 - 6:06Using Barry’s scales of chords · Episode 108
Raise Ab to A in Ab diminished to get D minor 6; with G in the bass that is the guitarist’s G9 - 9:20Using Barry’s scales of chords · Episode 108
Raise D to Eb to get Ab minor 6, family to G7, Db7 and D minor 6 - 10:34Using Barry’s scales of chords · Episode 108
Contrary motion on Ab minor 6 diminished over G7, thinking only of the family - 2:24Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
From A-flat diminished: Ab up to A gives D minor 6, the minor 6 on the fifth of G7. - 3:01Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
D up to Eb gives A-flat minor 6 (fifth of Db7); F up to F# gives B minor 6 (fifth of E7). - 3:41Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
B up to C gives F minor 6 (fifth of Bb7): four dominants plus four minor sixes. - 9:09Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
For the E7 family: B minor 6, D minor 6, F minor 6 and A-flat minor 6, each on the fifth of a family dominant. - 9:42Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
Raise the E triad’s root to get the diminished, raise it again to get B minor 6, then move the shape in minor thirds. - 10:47Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
The same with a B-flat triad, root on top: raise once for the diminished, again for F minor 6.
Idea 8 of 18
Don’t think altered, think family
The flat 5, sharp 9, flat 9 and raised 5 sounds on a dominant are notes of the other members of its family: the sharp 9 of G7 is the root of B flat 7, the flat 5 is the root of D flat 7, and the flat 9 with raised 5 comes from A flat minor 6, which shares G7’s diminished. So Chris plays the A flat minor 6 diminished scale over G7 rather than A flat melodic minor, and a soloist doesn’t need to chase each alteration the comper plays, because plain half-step lines on the dominant don’t clash.
Practise it: Over a dominant, play scales and chords of its family members and of the minor 6 a half step above it.
More on this 10 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called Altered sounds come from the family, playing with family members, altered dominants, you don’t have to play the comper’s alterations
Where Chris teaches it
- 14:45Half-step rules on the dominant scale · Episode 5
If the comper plays sharp 9 or flat 13, keep your F7 half-step lines; they don’t clash. - 2:29Playing with the family of dominants · Episode 10
Altered dominant chords use notes of the other family dominants. - 0:00Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
Defines an altered dominant as a raised or lowered 9th or 5th. - 4:17Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
G7 flat 9 sharp 5: the usual answer is A-flat melodic minor, but it doesn’t say why. - 4:49Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
G7 and A-flat minor 6 come from the same diminished, so play the A-flat minor 6 diminished scale. - 5:57Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
Comping D minor to G7 as F6 diminished then A-flat minor 6. - 7:07Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
Sharp 9 of G7 is Bb, a family dominant; flat 5 is Db, another family dominant. - 7:45Don’t think altered, think family · Episode 112
G9 is the same as D minor 6, the minor 6 on the fifth from the same A-flat diminished. - 9:47You’ve never played this on a blues · Episode 124
When transcribing he used to read notes as G7 alterations; the players were really thinking Db7 or D-flat minor. - 10:11Drop 2 with a pretty twist · Episode 136
D minor 6 over Db7 gives the flat 9, raised 5, 7th and 3rd: the altered sound comes from the minor 6 diminished scale, not melodic minor.
Idea 9 of 18
The tritone’s minor
Over a dominant, take its tritone dominant and play the minor on that dominant’s fifth, its important minor: it lands a half step above the original dominant, so A flat minor 6 over G7, E flat minor 6 over D7, B flat minor 6 over A7. Played as a triad, an arpeggio, a minor 6 chord or a whole minor 6 diminished scale, it gives the flat 9 and raised 5 sound others call altered, without any special alteration theory, and resolves smoothly by half step into the I chord. Barry called it the tritone’s minor, and Chris uses it for comping as well as lines.
Practise it: Wherever a dominant appears, swap in the minor 6 a half step above it, find the closest notes or voicing from the chord before, and resolve it to the I chord.
- E♭
- G♭
- B♭
More on this 26 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called Minor 6 a half step above the dominant, Ab minor 6 over G7, what others call the altered sound, minor a half step above the dominant, important minor of the tritone, the important tritone’s minor, minor 6 over a dominant
Where Chris teaches it
- 10:56Minor sixth diminished chords in drop 2 · Episode 12
Yesterdays: over A7 play B flat minor 6, giving a flat 9 and raised 5. - 7:00Comping All the Things You Are · Episode 23
All the Things You Are: E minor 6 diminished in place of E flat 7. - 10:07Comping All the Things You Are · Episode 23
A quick A flat 7 can be A minor 6 going to D flat 6. - 3:42Comping Ideas with 6th Diminished · Episode 30
A B flat 7 with a B minor 6 above it, like a drop 3 with the top note added. - 9:57Endless ways to play I-VI-II-V with the scale of chords · Episode 46
D7 options include the tritone’s minor, a half step above: E flat minor. - 5:35Endless ways to play a minor I-VI-II-V with the scale of chords · Episode 47
For D7 in G minor Chris uses E flat minor 6, not A minor 6. - 0:32Making lines with the tritone’s minor · Episode 66
The tritone of D7 is A flat 7, whose arpeggio on the fifth is E flat minor. - 1:05Making lines with the tritone’s minor · Episode 66
E flat minor: the important arpeggio from the fifth of A flat 7. - 1:46Making lines with the tritone’s minor · Episode 66
Voice leading into G major: E flat to D or E, G flat to G, B flat to B or A. - 6:09Making lines with the tritone’s minor · Episode 66
E flat minor 6, adding C, and its inversions. - 9:35Making lines with the tritone’s minor · Episode 66
Over a longer A minor 7-D7, play some D7 first, then run into E flat minor. - 11:25Making lines with the tritone’s minor · Episode 66
A minor (D7’s important minor) run into E flat minor (the tritone’s minor). - 3:07Lines Using Drop 2 on Rhythm Changes · Episode 68
In drop 2s: F7’s tritone’s minor is F sharp minor 6; for B flat 7 (tritone E7) it is B minor 6. - 5:32Lines Using Drop 2 on Rhythm Changes · Episode 68
G7 in rhythm changes: A flat minor 6. - 2:38Blues Comping Using All 4 Scales of Chords · Episode 71
Comping: the ‘E9’ for B flat 7’s tritone is really B minor 6. - 3:25Using Barry’s Scales of Chords on a 2-5 · Episode 79
D minor 7 to G7 using Ab minor 6, the tritone’s minor - 6:59Using Barry’s Scales of Chords on a 2-5 · Episode 79
What people call G7 flat 9 raised 5 is, for Barry, Ab minor 6 - 6:06Where Do I Use Barry’s Minor 6th Diminished Scale? · Episode 92
Eb minor 6 over D7: D7’s tritone is Ab7 and its minor is Eb minor 6; D7, Ab7, Eb minor 6 and A minor 6 share one diminished - 11:12Diminished Explained · Episode 93
Bb minor 6 over A7 has its own distinct sound, like the diminished or whole tone - 9:20Using Barry’s scales of chords · Episode 108
Raise D to Eb in Ab diminished to get Ab minor 6; over G7 people call it sharp 5 flat 9 - 6:13Why do we all play this? Comping on I Got Rhythm · Episode 121
In I Got Rhythm, instead of G7 play A-flat minor 6, the minor 6 a half step above it. - 10:03Why do we all play this? Comping on I Got Rhythm · Episode 121
The tritone of F7 is B7: Bb6, A-flat minor 6, Eb6, B7. - 1:20A beautiful way to play a minor blues · Episode 139
Minor blues: G7’s tritone is Db7, whose minor 6 on the fifth is A-flat minor 6. - 1:58A beautiful way to play a minor blues · Episode 139
C7’s tritone is F#7; its minor 6 on the fifth is D-flat minor 6, a half step above C minor 6. - 13:42What is short? · Episode 141
C minor 6 used twice in All the Things You Are: as the ii chord and as the tritone’s minor over B7. - 14:58What is short? · Episode 141
He doesn’t name the alterations over B7; the rule is just to play the minor 6 diminished scale of the tritone’s minor.
Idea 10 of 18
Family triads
Over a dominant you can play the major triads of all four family dominants (E, G, B-flat and D-flat over E7), with any note in the bass. Moving one shape in minor thirds is easy on guitar but can sound like a pattern, so Chris disguises it: he changes string sets, mixes a couple instead of running the series, and turns a triad into its diminished by raising its root a half step.
Practise it: Learn each family triad in its three inversions, then use them over a ii-V in A minor (B half-diminished as D minor 6, then E7), moving between them as musically as you can.
More on this 6 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called dominant triads in minor thirds, disguising the minor-third pattern
Where Chris teaches it
- 1:42Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
The E7 family as triads: E, G, B-flat and D-flat; moved in minor thirds like diminished chords. - 2:16Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
Bud Powell lowered the bottom note and raised the top note of a major arpeggio. - 3:58Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
Over E7: D-flat triad to B-flat triad, E to D-flat, E to G. - 4:31Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
With the root, third or fifth in the bass. - 5:37Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
Running the series sounds like a pattern; mix string sets and use just a couple. - 6:15Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
Raise the root of a triad a half step to get the diminished it comes from.
Idea 11 of 18
Triad plus one diminished note
Take the dominant’s triad and add one note of its diminished (raise G to A-flat), giving G A-flat B D: root, flat 9, 3, 5. Chris and Thomas Eccles run it through three octaves with a fixed fingering, in all three inversions, then on each family dominant. That gives twelve runs, and a sharp-9 colour from the B-flat one. Runs can be swapped or chained, for example the G run into the D-flat run.
Practise it: Root position is three notes on the low E string and one on the A, repeated on D and G, then B and high E. The inversion from the third is two notes per string; the one from the fifth is one note then three. Apply all of them to E7, B-flat 7 and D-flat 7.
- G
- A♭
- B
- D
More on this 8 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called root, flat 9, 3, 5 runs, three-octave family runs
Where Chris teaches it
- 1:27Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
The G triad with one diminished note: raise G to A-flat. - 2:11Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
Three octaves: three notes on the E string and one on the A, then D and G strings, then B and E strings. - 3:25Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
Inversion from the third (3, 5, root, flat 9): two notes per string. - 4:33Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
From the fifth (5, root, flat 9, 3): one note on the E string, three on the A. - 6:00Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
The same run from E (starting on the open string), then from B-flat, which gives a sharp 9. - 8:42Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
Four family members times three inversions: twelve runs. - 9:20Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
Over a G7 with A-flat minor 6 on top in the background, play the B-flat run. - 10:45Practising with a friend: diminished runs with Thomas Eccles · Episode 131
Allie’s idea: the G run, then from D down a half step into the D-flat run.
Idea 12 of 18
The diminished scale: a diminished plus four tonics
Stack a diminished chord with the roots of its four family dominants, which themselves form the diminished a half step below, and you get the eight-note diminished scale. Barry disliked calling it ‘half-step whole-step’, because the name hides where the notes come from; seeing it as the diminished plus the tonics of its dominants shows which dominants it can stand for.
Practise it: Play the diminished with a half step below each of its notes, then try diminished patterns that skip notes.
- A
- C
- E♭
- G♭
More on this 9 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called The diminished with the tonics of the dominants, Where the diminished scale comes from, The diminished scale as diminished plus four tonics, diminished scale, octatonic scale, half step whole step (a name Barry dislikes), not half-step whole-step, diminished plus four dominant roots, half-whole scale (a name Barry disliked)
Where Chris teaches it
- 1:52Playing with the family of dominants · Episode 10
C diminished stacked with the roots of B7, F7, A flat 7 and D7 gives the diminished scale. - 2:30Soloing with the Diminished · Episode 21
D flat diminished plus C, F sharp, A and E flat; why it matters more than ‘half-step whole-step’. - 1:45Creating lines on the movement from I to the flat III diminished · Episode 41
B flat diminished with a half step below each note: the four tonics of the dominants. - 4:45Creating lines on the movement from I to the flat III diminished · Episode 41
The four dominant roots (A, C, E flat, G flat) make a diminished a half step below B flat diminished; together they give the so-called diminished scale. - 7:13Creating lines on the movement from I to the flat III diminished · Episode 41
Diminished patterns that skip a note instead of running straight up. - 3:24Middle of a blues: bars 5 to 8 · Episode 58
F sharp diminished in a C blues: its four dominants are B, D, F and A flat; put together they make the scale Barry won’t call whole-half. - 1:36Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
C diminished plus B diminished is where that scale comes from. - 10:08Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
C diminished plus the dominant tonics B, D, F, A flat played over the whole bridge of All the Things You Are. - 1:08Playing with the family: dominant triads and minor sixes · Episode 128
The four notes of F diminished plus E, G, B-flat and D-flat make the diminished scale; Barry disliked ‘half-whole’.
Idea 13 of 18
Come up a diminished from the third
On a dominant, the diminished chord built on its third (F sharp, A, C, E flat on D7) is a favourite line: run down to the third, come up the diminished and land on a note of the next chord, often its fifth. It can be pivoted, and neighbouring dominants give diminished chords a half step apart that can be chained. The other two diminished chords fit a dominant as well (on D7, E diminished from its dominant 7 diminished scale, and G sharp diminished, which leads to A minor), so all three can be used on one dominant.
Practise it: Get a line down to the third of the dominant, come up the diminished and resolve; then run it from each of its notes, and work in the other two diminished chords.
- F#
- A
- C
- E♭
More on this 19 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called Diminished from the third of the dominant, Coming up a diminished from the third, The diminished chords inside a dominant, come up a diminished, the diminished on the third of the dominant, the diminished on the third, all three diminished chords on D7
Where Chris teaches it
- 6:45Scales for Cherokee · Episode 8
Cherokee bridge: down to the third of F#7, coming up with the diminished. - 10:24Scales and soloing for A Night in Tunisia · Episode 18
Night in Tunisia: the diminished on the third of A7, and on the third of E7 (G sharp), a half step apart. - 11:49Scales and soloing for A Night in Tunisia · Episode 18
Up one diminished, down the other, ending on D minor 6. - 4:02Playing the movement from major to relative minor · Episode 34
Confirmation: at the third of A7, play up a diminished, then down to D minor. - 5:21Movement: Major to the Sixth Dominant · Episode 35
From the third of D7, come up a diminished and end on D (second of C7). - 10:36Movement: Major to the Sixth Dominant · Episode 35
Bud Powell’s six notes of the diminished instead of four. - 3:36Creating lines on a minor II-V · Episode 38
From the diminished he pivots, ending on the fifth of A minor. - 7:32Using the pivot to make lines on I Got Rhythm · Episode 42
Up a diminished from the third of D7, then pivoting it: F sharp stays, the rest an octave lower. - 3:04There is no such thing as a bebop scale · Episode 54
D7 to G major: down to the third, up a diminished, onto the fifth of G. - 1:44Middle of a blues: bars 5 to 8 · Episode 58
F7: three half steps down to the third, up a diminished, ending on the fifth of C. - 4:57Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
F7 line that pivots to a diminished into G major. - 8:22Playing with the family of dominants on All the Things You Are · Episode 59
D7 with one half step down to the third of B7, then up a diminished into E major. - 7:37How to create lines from V to I · Episode 64
Coming down or going up the diminished on the way into G major. - 6:13Eighth-Note Triplets in Autumn Leaves and Donna Lee · Episode 73
Triplet between 2 and 3 of F7, then up a diminished; used for both II-Vs of Autumn Leaves. - 3:23Diminished Explained · Episode 93
C# diminished up from the third of A7 - 1:05Small things: the first bar of Body and Soul · Episode 95
Body and Soul: Eb minor to Bb7 or D diminished; the fifth of Bb7 seen as a note of the diminished - 8:55We Don’t Know D7 · Episode 97
Every dominant has a diminished on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and flat 9 - 9:28We Don’t Know D7 · Episode 97
G diminished is the E diminished of the D7 diminished scale (a student’s observation) - 10:07We Don’t Know D7 · Episode 97
G# diminished, the diminished on the third of E7, leads to A minor
Idea 14 of 18
Soloing with the diminished
Barry mostly solos with the plain four-note diminished chord rather than the eight-note diminished scale, and the lines work anywhere there is a dominant. He plays it up and down, in thirds, flat fifths and sixths, joins its notes with triplets, moves it up by minor thirds with two-note pickups, and fills the gap between two of its notes chromatically before carrying on (on C sharp diminished: C sharp, D, D sharp, E, then G, B flat). Choosing which gap to fill, filling two, or running it backwards gives sounds unlike the plain diminished, whole-tone or minor 6.
Practise it: Over A7, fill each gap of C sharp diminished in turn, then two gaps, then descending; then add triplets and use the lines over a ii-V to minor.
- E
- F
- F#
- G
- C#
- D
- D#
- E
- G
- B♭
More on this 10 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called Chromatics between two notes of the diminished, chromatics between diminished notes, diminished in thirds, flat fifths and sixths, fill a minor third chromatically
Where Chris teaches it
- 13:06Scales and soloing for A Night in Tunisia · Episode 18
Barry’s little triplets connecting three diminished notes, run back and forth. - 3:50Soloing with the Diminished · Episode 21
Diminished up and down, starting a note and going up a third, in flat fifths, in sixths. - 5:13Soloing with the Diminished · Episode 21
Total chromatic between E and G of the D flat diminished, then between other pairs. - 5:51Soloing with the Diminished · Episode 21
Triplets with chromatics between diminished notes, backtracking into a full chromatic scale. - 7:03Soloing with the Diminished · Episode 21
Two notes leading to the next diminished note, up a minor third each time. - 6:34Diminished Explained · Episode 93
Chromatics between C# and E, then the rest of the diminished - 7:53Diminished Explained · Episode 93
Between G and Bb, and Bb and C#; also backwards - 8:36Diminished Explained · Episode 93
Two gaps: C# to E and G to Bb, or E to G and G to Bb - 10:33Diminished Explained · Episode 93
Diminished, whole tone and minor 6 have clear sounds; this one is harder to name - 3:20Small things: the first bar of Body and Soul · Episode 95
Body and Soul: chromatics between each note of the diminished, forwards and back
Idea 15 of 18
One family member and the diminished
Instead of running the whole half-step whole-step scale, take just one of the four family roots and add the diminished above it: on A7 with C# diminished, play F#, G, Bb, C#. Doing it from each family root (F#, A, C, Eb) gives four different lines from one idea, and shows why knowing where the scale comes from matters.
Practise it: Over A7 (Alone Together), start on each of the four roots, step up a half step into the diminished and climb a few notes, over two octaves.
- F#
- G
- B♭
- C#
More on this 4 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called imply one dominant inside the diminished scale
Where Chris teaches it
- 3:23Diminished Explained · Episode 93
Alone Together: A7 contains C# diminished, often played up from the third - 4:01Diminished Explained · Episode 93
Not the full octatonic scale: just F# plus the diminished - 5:24Diminished Explained · Episode 93
Ending on a note of D6; then the same from A, up a half step into the diminished, two octaves - 6:03Diminished Explained · Episode 93
From C and from Eb: all four family members
Idea 16 of 18
The whole-tone scale
The six-note scale made only of whole steps, one of the two halves of the chromatic scale. Barry uses it on a dominant, mainly one going home a fourth higher, whatever the quality of the chord it goes to, and practises it in every interval and in contrary motion.
Practise it: Play it two octaves up and down, then in thirds (always major thirds), triads (augmented), flat fifths, minor sixths, flat sevenths, octaves, ninths and tenths, and in contrary motion from one note; on guitar use three notes, then two, per string and move the shape by half steps.
More on this 11 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called Whole tone scale, Whole tone on the dominant, whole-tone, six-note whole-tone scale
Where Chris teaches it
- 14:16Soloing on Dominants · Episode 22
The whole-tone scale goes with the dominant; thrown into a rhythm-bridge line. - 0:37The Whole Tone Scale · Episode 44
Built only of whole steps: six notes before the octave. - 1:25The Whole Tone Scale · Episode 44
Practise it two octaves up and down; in thirds every third is a major third. - 2:05The Whole Tone Scale · Episode 44
Triads on the whole-tone scale are augmented triads. - 3:53The Whole Tone Scale · Episode 44
Practise it in flat fifths and minor sixths. - 4:39The Whole Tone Scale · Episode 44
Then in flat sevenths, octaves, ninths and tenths. - 6:00The Whole Tone Scale · Episode 44
Contrary motion from one note on the A whole-tone scale: thirds, flat sixes, octaves, tenths. - 7:57The Whole Tone Scale · Episode 44
Use: a dominant going home a fourth higher, e.g. A7 to D major, D minor, D7 or D half-diminished. - 8:29The Whole Tone Scale · Episode 44
Two A7 spots in the bridge of Body and Soul, in D, where it fits. - 11:45The Whole Tone Scale · Episode 44
Bud Powell’s pattern on A7: from the third going down in thirds with a half step in between. - 13:52The Whole Tone Scale · Episode 44
Guitar fingering in one position: three notes, two notes, three, two, two on the B string, three on the E string.
Idea 17 of 18
Augmented arpeggio on the dominant
An augmented arpeggio from the root of a dominant adds a whole-tone colour (a raised fifth) before resolving. Chris uses it as one more coloured option after the important arpeggios.
More on this 2 moments where Chris teaches it
Where Chris teaches it
Idea 18 of 18
The six-note scale
Take the major triad of a dominant and the major triad a half step above it, and put their notes in order: on G7 that gives G, Ab, B, C, D, Eb. Barry uses it mostly when a dominant is going home to a minor, and he breaks it up in many ways, as he does with any small idea. It is one small device that can turn into dozens of runs.
Practise it: Play it up, down and in inversions, then break it apart: alternate a note of the upper triad with the note a half step below it, skip notes, or run the upper triad up and resolve a half step. Then put it into a tune, on the V of a minor key.
- G
- A♭
- B
- C
- D
- E♭
More on this 6 moments where Chris teaches it
Also called two triads a half step apart, dominant triad plus the triad a half step above
Where Chris teaches it
- 0:00The Six-Note Scale Idea · Episode 78
G major triad plus Ab major triad on G7 makes a six-note scale - 1:13The Six-Note Scale Idea · Episode 78
Barry uses it going home to a minor, e.g. F7 to Bb minor in ‘Round Midnight - 1:54The Six-Note Scale Idea · Episode 78
Variations: down, each Ab-triad note falling a half step to a G-triad note, skipping notes - 3:39The Six-Note Scale Idea · Episode 78
Ab triad up, resolving a half step up from the last note; then used on G7 to C minor in There Will Never Be Another You - 6:59The Six-Note Scale Idea · Episode 78
Fast runs over several octaves, the way Barry and Pasquale do them - 8:07The Six-Note Scale Idea · Episode 78
It also works going to a major chord