Barry HarrisThe method
9.3

The major 6th diminished scale (a major scale with one more note)

Barry’s sixth diminished scale is a major sixth chord plus the diminished chord sharing none of its notes: in C, C D E F G A♭ A B. He called it the real major scale; it holds the dominants of the key and relative minor.

In plain words

Barry called this his personal scale, the sixth diminished scale. He built it from a C6 chord. C6 (C, E, G, A) takes its notes from two of the three diminished chords: C and A belong to one, E and G to another. The third diminished chord (D, F, A♭, B) has none of its notes in C6, so you take it, and C6 with that diminished chord is the scale.

Introducing the sixth diminished scale1:081:43First class in The Hague, part 30:00Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale7:03

In order it runs C D E F G A♭ A B: a major scale with one more note, between the fifth and the sixth. The rule his students kept forgetting was ‘after G comes A♭, every time; after A♭ comes A’. Barry argued that the major scale we were handed has eight degrees when it should have nine, and that the classical masters missed it.

Introducing the sixth diminished scale1:433:32Believe: a talk to musicians54:5355:30

Why was the extra note left out? Barry offered his own guess: theorists could not find one name for it that would work in every key, so they threw it away and left players to find it for themselves. For him this is the real major scale.

Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale7:448:198:56First class in The Hague, part 30:34

What it gives you: the scale holds the dominant of the major key and also the dominant of the relative minor, and it gives you a scale of chords, a sixth chord and a diminished chord taking turns up the scale. You can build the same scale from other chords too: from B7 Barry found the third diminished, C♯ diminished, and put it with B6 to make the B major sixth diminished scale.

Introducing the sixth diminished scale2:16First class in The Hague, part 30:34Practising the sixth diminished scales0:03Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale5:035:387:03

Step by step

  1. Take the major sixth chord of the key.

    C6
    𝄞
    1. C
    2. E
    3. G
    4. A

    Introducing the sixth diminished scale1:08

  2. Find the diminished chord with none of those notes. It is the one built a half step below the root of the sixth chord.

    B diminished (= D diminished)
    𝄞♭
    1. B
    2. D
    3. F
    4. A♭

    Introducing the sixth diminished scale1:08Howard Rees, Chord Explorations ¶28Howard Rees’ Jazz Workshops, Major & Minor 6th Dim. Scales: Becoming Familiar with the 6th Diminished Scales ¶4

  3. Put the two chords together in one octave. Notes of the sixth chord and notes of the diminished chord alternate; after G comes A♭, after A♭ comes A.

    C sixth diminished scale, diminished notes marked +
    𝄞♭
    1. C
    2. D
    3. E
    4. F
    5. G
    6. A♭
    7. A
    8. B

    Introducing the sixth diminished scale1:433:32

  4. Find the two dominant sevenths inside it: the dominant of the key and the dominant of its relative minor.

    G7, dominant of C
    𝄞
    1. G
    2. B
    3. D
    4. F
    E7, dominant of A minor (G♯ is the scale’s A♭)
    𝄞♯
    1. E
    2. G♯
    3. B
    4. D

    Introducing the sixth diminished scale2:16First class in The Hague, part 30:34Howard Rees, Evolutionary Voicings, Part I: Barry Harris Keeps Things Movin’ ¶23

  5. Build it in every key. In The Hague Barry walked a student through D: D6, then E diminished, D6, G diminished, D6, B♭ diminished, D6, C♯ diminished, D6.

    D sixth diminished scale, diminished notes marked +
    𝄞♯♭♯
    1. D
    2. E
    3. F♯
    4. G
    5. A
    6. B♭
    7. B
    8. C♯

    Introducing the sixth diminished scale25:2726:0326:40

an added note, outside the scale

How he said to practise it

  • Learn it in all twelve keys. Barry told a Hague class that everybody should know all the sixth diminished scales by the next day, then called pianists up to play D♭, D and B.

    Introducing the sixth diminished scale10:1022:0222:3527:15

  • Play it in contrary motion from middle C, both thumbs on C; guitarists can do the same.

    Introducing the sixth diminished scale4:06Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale10:0710:40

  • Hold on to the rule as you play: after G comes A♭, after A♭ comes A. When a student skipped the A♭ or failed to move a voice, Barry made them go back to the first chord.

    Introducing the sixth diminished scale3:326:307:04

In Barry’s words

Each one plays from the moment he says it. Every other moment he teaches it is listed below.

It’s a major scale, with a note in between the fifth and sixth

Introducing the sixth diminished scale, The Hague, 1989–98. Introducing his sixth diminished scale to a class in The Hague 1:43 Watch on YouTube at 1:43

This scale not only has the dominant of the major, it also has the dominant of the relative minor

Introducing the sixth diminished scale, The Hague, 1989–98. Explaining the advantage of the scale 2:16 Watch on YouTube at 2:16

After G comes A flat every time, after A flat comes A every time

Introducing the sixth diminished scale, The Hague, 1989–98. Correcting a student who left out the extra note 3:32 Watch on YouTube at 3:32

We know that’s the real major scale, but we can’t... use it, so just throw it away

Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale, New York City. His guess at what theorists did with a note they could not name 8:19 Watch on YouTube at 8:19

Where this comes from

Everything above is drawn from these. Open any one to check it.

Every moment he teaches it12 moments in 6 recordings

Each time opens the transcript there; the video plays when you are online.

Introducing the sixth diminished scale

The Hague, 1989–98 — 27 min On YouTube

  1. 1:08

    Builds the scale: C6 uses two diminished chords, so take the missing third diminished.

    Watch on YouTube at 1:08

  2. 1:43

    A major scale with a note between the fifth and the sixth.

    Watch on YouTube at 1:43

  3. 2:16

    The scale holds the dominants of the major and the relative minor, and gives a scale of chords.

    Watch on YouTube at 2:16

  4. 3:32

    Drills the rule ‘after G comes A♭’ with students who keep leaving it out.

    Watch on YouTube at 3:32

  5. 25:27

    Walks a student through the D sixth diminished scale chord by chord.

    Watch on YouTube at 25:27

First class in The Hague, part 3

The Hague, 1989–98 — 1 min On YouTube

  1. 0:00

    First Hague class: C6 is two diminished chords, add the third; everybody should know this scale.

    Watch on YouTube

Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale

New York City — 14 min On YouTube

  1. 5:03

    What to do with the third diminished: from B7 and C♯ diminished to the B sixth diminished scale.

    Watch on YouTube at 5:03

  2. 7:44

    His guess why the note was dropped: no single name for it works in every key.

    Watch on YouTube at 7:44

  3. 8:56

    Calls it the real major scale, then has students play it contrary from middle C.

    Watch on YouTube at 8:56

Believe: a talk to musicians

Almería, 2014 — 60 min On YouTube

  1. 55:30

    The major scale we were given has eight degrees; it should have nine.

    Watch on YouTube at 55:30

Practising the sixth diminished scales

The Hague, 1989–98 — 31 min On YouTube

  1. 0:03

    Names the chords as he plays the scale: sixth, diminished, sixth, diminished.

    Watch on YouTube at 0:03

The 23 May Zoom class, part 1

Online, from New Jersey), 2020 — 31 min On YouTube

  1. 21:31

    Says he started out with two scales, major and minor sixth diminished, before New York.

    Watch on YouTube at 21:31

From the lessons2 lessons, 6 points

Notes taken from Barry’s classes, each tied to the moment it comes from.

A major scale with one more note

  1. Idea

    Barry suggested that Chopin, Bach and the other classical masters missed something: we were handed a major scale of eight degrees when it should have nine. He then demonstrated the scale he means as being composed of two parts played together, and said that from it you suddenly get a scale of chords.

    Believe: a talk to musicians54:5355:30

  2. Idea

    Why was the extra note never taught? Barry offered what he called his own logical guess: theorists did not know what to call it. Any letter name would change from key to key, and they could not find one name that worked in every key, so they threw the note away and left musicians to find it for themselves, even though, in his view, this is the real major scale.

    Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale7:448:19

Building the scale: a sixth chord plus the missing diminished

  1. Idea

    Start from C6 (C, E, G, A). Barry points out that its notes come from two of the three diminished seventh chords: E and G belong to one, C and A to another. The third diminished chord (D, F, A-flat, B) has no notes in C6, so you add it, and C6 plus that diminished chord is the scale: C D E F G A-flat A B. In other words, a major scale with an extra note between the fifth and the sixth.

    Introducing the sixth diminished scale1:081:43

  2. Idea

    The same method works from other chords. Barry notes that the dominant seventh, minor sixth, major sixth and seventh-flat-five chords all come from two of the diminished chords, then asks his secret question: what do you do with the third diminished, none of whose notes are in those chords? Combine it with them. With B7 the third diminished is C-sharp diminished; take the next inversion and you have B major sixth with that diminished, which together make the B major sixth diminished scale.

    Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale4:265:035:387:03

  3. Idea

    Every major sixth chord is also a minor seventh chord: C major 6 has the same notes as A minor 7. Barry remembered reading this in his first theory book without seeing why it mattered; later he understood its importance. When you see a minor seventh chord you should know its major sixth, because the major sixth is what makes the sixth diminished scale.

    Jazz theory, part 6: every major sixth is a minor seventh0:32Jazz theory, part 4: borrowing diminished notes6:186:53

  4. Idea

    What the scale gives you, according to Barry: it contains not only the dominant of the major key but also the dominant of the relative minor. It also gives you a scale of chords, which you should know. As he builds it he names the chords in turn: six, diminished, six, diminished.

    Introducing the sixth diminished scale2:16Practising the sixth diminished scales0:03

In writing6 notes

What his interviews, his students’ class notes and other teachers’ articles add.

How other teachers explain it7 videos, 89 series episodes

Barry’s students, and their students, teaching it their way. A second opinion, not Barry.

In the teaching series

Episodes on this idea in the long series by other teachers. Each name opens that whole series in order.

Where the accounts differ3 points
Read further6 links

These open on the web.

Free to read

Books and paid courses