In plain words
Barry’s classes ran on phrases he made up on the spot from small pieces: a scale run with its half step, the chord on some degree, a triad or arpeggio, a diminished chord, a pivot, a numbered phrase such as the ‘five’. He named each piece by degree and number, joined two or three of them, and had the class play the result after him.
The 5-4-3-2-1 phrase0:361:10Practising the blues with the horns, part 117:5018:22Confirmation0:035:27Feeling the ‘and’19:0632:01
The phrases themselves were never the point. Barry told one class that he did not particularly want them to play his phrases: he was showing them how to put things together and making them conscious of rhythm, and he hoped they would solo the same way. When a student slipped a triplet into one, Barry said he had given the phrase, but the student had made it into something.
Feeling the ‘and’20:5722:0533:08Rhythm changes: scales, not chords8:22
What makes the pieces portable is that anything done from one degree of a scale can be done from any degree, and put in the same spot in a tune. Barry heard that a class phrase played from the second could have been played on the bridge of Cherokee, over C♯ minor seventh to F♯7, the way into B major. Rules carried in the head multiply the ways to play a passage; nobody can practise every way, and the player who knows the most ways will be the best.
The 1998 workshop, part 125:01The 1998 workshop, part 2: breaking the habit18:0233:38
Each phrase was drilled in time, over and over, with Barry counting and even talking in time. Then he reshaped it: a phrase that began on the tonic on beat one sounded bad, so he dropped its first two notes to start it on beat two, which sounded hipper; elsewhere he added a short pickup, or a sixteenth-note triplet on the fifth and sixth of C7.
Practising the blues with the horns, part 123:1425:08Confirmation1:464:17
Step by step
Call a piece by its starting degree and what to do from there: run down the scale with a given half step, come down the chord from a degree, play the ‘five’ phrase whenever you get to the five.
A♭ major from the tonic, half step between 6 and 5, stop on the 3rd of F (a call reported by Mark Stryker)- A♭
- G
- F
- E
- E♭
- D♭
- C
- B♭
- A
The 5-4-3-2-1 phrase0:36The 1998 workshop, part 2: breaking the habit18:02Mark Stryker (Detroit Free Press), Professor of Bebop at 70: Native Detroiter Barry Harris Shares the Secrets of the Jazz Tradition with Students in New York ¶31
Join it to a second piece so one leads into the next and the phrase ends on a target, such as the seventh of C7 going to the third of F.
C7: chord on the 2nd from a half step below, then down with the octave’s rule (Howard Rees)- C♯
- D
- F
- A
- C
- B
- B♭
- A
- G
- F
- E
- D
- C
Feeling the ‘and’19:0619:42Practising the blues with the horns, part 118:22Howard Rees’ Jazz Workshops, Using the Extra Note Rules to Build Lines ¶3
Play the phrase in time, over and over, until it sits. Then do the same thing from each degree of the scale.
Practising the blues with the horns, part 125:08The 1998 workshop, part 2: breaking the habit19:43
Change where it starts: drop its first notes so it begins on another beat, or add a pickup or a triplet.
Practising the blues with the horns, part 123:14Confirmation4:17Feeling the ‘and’20:57
Look for the same spot in other tunes where the phrase will fit.
The 1998 workshop, part 125:01
an added note, outside the scale
How he said to practise it
Learn phrases by ear: Barry sang or hummed them and the class played them straight back on their instruments.
The 5-4-3-2-1 phrase1:10Feeling the ‘and’34:14Mark Stryker (Detroit Free Press), Professor of Bebop at 70: Native Detroiter Barry Harris Shares the Secrets of the Jazz Tradition with Students in New York ¶31
Pick a scale and do the same thing from each degree of it; that, Barry said, is how you learn well.
The 1998 workshop, part 2: breaking the habit19:43
Treat keeping time as part of practising improvisation: repeat a phrase many times without letting the time slip.
Practising the blues with the horns, part 125:08
In Barry’s words
Each one plays from the moment he says it. Every other moment he teaches it is listed below.
It’s not that I want you to play these phrases particularly... I’m just trying to show you how to put things together, and then I’m trying to make you conscious of rhythm.
If you do one thing, it can be done from any degree [of the] scale. And it can be put in the same spot.
I can give you the phrase, but you made the phrase something.
While we practice an improvisation, we practice keeping time... So we might play a phrase over and over, but we’re going to stay in time.
Where this comes from
Everything above is drawn from these. Open any one to check it.
Every moment he teaches it12 moments in 7 recordings
Each time opens the transcript there; the video plays when you are online.
Feeling the ‘and’
The 1998 workshop, part 1
- 25:01
Anything from one degree works from any degree; a phrase from the second fits Cherokee’s C♯m7–F♯7.
The 1998 workshop, part 2: breaking the habit
Practising the blues with the horns, part 1
Confirmation
- 0:03
Builds a Confirmation line a few bars at a time from triads, a C7 triplet idea and pickups.
The 5-4-3-2-1 phrase
- 0:36
The ‘five’ phrase, played whenever you reach the five; class repeats after him, then 5-4-3-2.
Rhythm changes: scales, not chords
- 8:22
Shows how to put things together: a break in F from three notes of the sixth chord.
From the lessons2 lessons, 8 points
Notes taken from Barry’s classes, each tied to the moment it comes from.
Building phrases from small pieces
- Exercise
Barry teaches short phrases named by numbers. The ‘five’ phrase is one you can play every time you reach the five; in his example it starts on the major seventh and runs down to the five. He has the class repeat and play each phrase after him, using only scale notes, then adds the ‘four’ and ‘three’ phrases, and finally has everyone play 5, 4, 3, 2 all together in a row.
- Exercise
A phrase in F major that Barry offers as a break: take the sixth chord (the 1, 3, 5 and 6 of the scale) and start with three of its notes, beginning with the 5th and 6th. Then hit the 2nd and go chromatically from there (the caption does not make the target note clear), and keep the line going.
- Exercise
A C7-to-F phrase that a student came up with, which Barry spelled out for the class: on C7 play the 5th, 6th and 7th, come down the chord from the seventh, then take the seventh of C7 to the third of F. He then combined it with the rest of the other class phrase, counting it out with the ‘ands’.
Feeling the ‘and’19:06
- Idea
Anything you do from one degree of the scale can be done from any degree and put in the same spot. Barry noticed that a class phrase played from the second could have fit the bridge of Cherokee, and had the class play the one from the second over C-sharp minor seventh to F-sharp 7.
The 1998 workshop, part 125:01
- Exercise
When a passage moves through three chords, players don’t always run every one. Sometimes they skip the first chord and come down the second; sometimes they ignore the first two and get to the third, passing up the chance to grab the second. Drill options such as running the first chord and getting to the third, and running the first and getting to the second. Barry also starts a chord up from a half step below its first note, for example on the tonic of B flat major.
Practising like an improviser
- Exercise
In the rests between phrases, imagine you are making up the phrase about to come. Practise seeing a phrase before you play it: you may not see the whole thing, but seeing its beginning gets you started and you carry it through. Even when playing set class phrases, try to look a little ahead as if you were inventing them.
- Idea
Barry explained that he doesn’t especially want students to play his class phrases. He is showing how to put musical things together and making them conscious of rhythm, and he hopes they learn to put things together like that when they solo. He praised the nice legato touch of two of the players, telling one he was doing it well and with power.
Feeling the ‘and’33:08
- Idea
Rules give you many ways to play something, and the player who knows the most ways will be the best. You cannot practise every way; that’s impossible. Instead you carry rules in your head and let them govern your playing.
The 1998 workshop, part 2: breaking the habit33:38
In writing6 notes
What his interviews, his students’ class notes and other teachers’ articles add.
Mark Stryker watched Barry sing phrases to some twenty horn players, who played them back in unison. The calls came fast, in numbers, and Barry chained the ideas together until the class was playing long syncopated lines through the harmony.
Mark Stryker (Detroit Free Press), Professor of Bebop at 70: Native Detroiter Barry Harris Shares the Secrets of the Jazz Tradition with Students in New York ¶31Mark Stryker (Detroit Free Press), Professor of Bebop at 70: Native Detroiter Barry Harris Shares the Secrets of the Jazz Tradition with Students in New York ¶32
Barry recalled that early on he could not even hum phrases well enough for students to catch them. Things changed when he started singing phrases to a trumpet player, Bobby Rogovin, who played them right back; teaching singers taught him too.
Former students on Reddit remember Barry singing lines at the class to play, breaking them down to show how they were built, and having instrumentalists make up licks from chord tones he gave them after the singers had learned the tune.
23 Reddit users (handles kept per comment), Reddit: first-hand recollections of Barry Harris’s classes ¶12323 Reddit users (handles kept per comment), Reddit: first-hand recollections of Barry Harris’s classes ¶130
Christian Miller: Barry played lines in class and explained how they were made, at full speed. The material is the common bebop vocabulary; the value of the method is that it lets a player develop that vocabulary instead of pasting in stock ii–V licks.
jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Question to Barry Harris Line Building Disciples ¶25jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Question to Barry Harris Line Building Disciples ¶26jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Question to Barry Harris Line Building Disciples ¶52
Howard Rees’s worksheet joins a C7-scale fragment to a descending run in six ways, choosing the added-note rule from the top note of the chord, the starting note, the middle note of a triplet, or the note on beat two.
Howard Rees’ Jazz Workshops, Using the Extra Note Rules to Build Lines ¶3Howard Rees’ Jazz Workshops, Using the Extra Note Rules to Build Lines ¶4Howard Rees’ Jazz Workshops, Using the Extra Note Rules to Build Lines ¶5Howard Rees’ Jazz Workshops, Using the Extra Note Rules to Build Lines ¶6
Brian de Lima argues that turning Barry’s ideas into fixed stock patterns, as he thinks Roni Ben-Hur’s Talk Jazz tends to, strays from the method, which was meant for playing spontaneously rather than repeating set licks.
How other teachers explain it7 videos, 34 series episodes
Barry’s students, and their students, teaching it their way. A second opinion, not Barry.
- Scale Phrases for F Major Blues
Builds small phrases on an F blues scale outline with chords and extra-note rules; recalls Barry saying the class was not there to be creative.
11 min, transcript On YouTube
- How to Apply the “Rules” to Build Lines
A chord on the C7 scale from a half step below; its top note picks the rule for coming down.
5 min, transcript On YouTube
- Extra Note Rules Applications for Line Building
Extra-note rule applications with different rhythmic starts for line building.
9 min, transcript On YouTube
- One Barry Harris Phrase Can Teach You This Much
One Barry Harris phrase and what it can teach.
7 min On YouTube
- This Barry Harris Trick Turns 1 Phrase Into Countless Jazz Lines
Turning one phrase into many lines.
17 min On YouTube
- “Build-a-Barry” How to build a line on All the things you are
Building a line on All the Things You Are, Barry style.
20 min On YouTube
- How to create Major lines from Scales EP 63 TILF Barry Harris
Episode 63: creating major lines from scales.
11 min, transcript On YouTube
In the teaching series
Episodes on this idea in the long series by other teachers. Each name opens that whole series in order.
JazzSkills
- The 5 and 4 phrases for improvisation YouTube
- Practise the dominant scale rules with me YouTube
- Improvisation techniques demystified YouTube
- Practise the major scale rules with me YouTube
- Dominant rules: building II-V phrases YouTube
- Creating II-V phrases with the dominant scale rules YouTube
- A II-V phrase and how to vary it YouTube
Things I’ve Learned From Barry Harris
- Episode 20: the first four bars of I Got Rhythm YouTube
- Episode 35: movement from major to the sixth dominant; creating lines YouTube
- Episode 36: I major to IV minor; creating lines YouTube
- Episode 50: half-step rules on the I Got Rhythm bridge YouTube
- Episode 60: creating lines from scales (D7) YouTube
- Episode 61: creating lines from scales, part 2 (D7) YouTube
- Episode 64: creating lines from V to I YouTube
- Episode 66: making lines with the tritone’s minor YouTube
- Episode 75: transcribing with a purpose YouTube
- Episode 125: a Charlie Parker phrase YouTube
- Episode 144: stealing from Bud Powell YouTube
- Episode 149: a Sonny Rollins surround idea YouTube
- Episode 154: what you’re getting wrong about Barry Harris YouTube
- Episode 156: Barry’s secret to soloing, puzzle pieces YouTube
- Episode 161: pivots, pivots and more pivots YouTube
- Episode 162: improvising from a Bud Powell phrase YouTube
- Episode 166: what is a puzzle piece? YouTube
Read further5 links
These open on the web.
Free to read
- Frédéric Galliano, Notes on the Method of Barry Harris
— Free notes with the scale devices and Parker ideas Barry combined into phrases.
- jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Quick start guide to Barry Harris line building
— Free forum thread on starting line building from one-octave scale pieces.
- YouTube
— Chris Parks’s free videos build lines piece by piece the way Barry’s classes did.
Books and paid courses
- The Barry Harris Workshop Video (Part 1), Howard Rees / Jazz Workshop Productions: 4+ hours, 5 clinic segments + 102-112 page workbook (ABCs, scales on song forms, movable chords, rhythm section, vocalizing)
Barry himself (produced and transcribed by Howard Rees) — Barry’s own workshop video and workbook, with the scales laid over song forms that class phrases are built from (paywalled; contents free).
- Fiona Bicket, ‘Approach to Improvised Lines & Harmony: An Introduction’ (26 pp): scale runs, basic motifs, solo on ‘Stay Right With It’, sixth chords long and short, major/minor 6th dim scales
student, sold on Barry’s official site — Fiona Bicket’s tutorial on scale runs and basic motifs, with a solo on ‘Stay Right With It’ (paywalled).