In plain words
Barry would not tell anyone to learn jazz by studying Monk’s playing: it is too unorthodox and personal. What Monk gave us is his songs, above all the ballads, such as Ruby, My Dear, ‘Round Midnight, Reflections and Pannonica, which Barry called works of art. Play his songs, he said, but don’t try to play like him; study Monk after you have learned everything else.
The 2016 workshop, part 3: Monk’s tunes, not his style0:001:292:507:00Interview: Bird, Hawkins, Monk and New York25:1225:45
Monk wrote vehicles on forms players already knew, Lady Be Good, rhythm changes and the blues, so a band can play only Monk tunes all night; Barry did exactly that at his first gig after Monk died. From Monk he also took a way to practise: Monk played one tune in tempo for ninety minutes, and once had Barry trade choruses with him on My Ideal, in E♭, over and over, playing something different each time.
Interview: Bird, Hawkins, Monk and New York26:1826:5227:2728:0328:37The last train to Monk: an interview21:08Jazz theory, part 7: Monk and Stella by Starlight0:33
Bud Powell was the model. Ask the young pianists of Barry’s day who was best, he said, and they named Bud; his generation learned mostly by listening to him, and every Bud record had something you had never heard. In class Barry asked students to explain the simple things Bud did, such as a chord that switches key in mid-stream, played Bud’s Oblivion to make a point about the left hand, and showed a Bud Powell ending.
Accepting the Bruce Lundvall Visionary Award7:569:05Interview: Detroit, Bud Powell and the shuffle10:45The last train to Monk: an interview9:3210:15Bud Powell’s sudden change of key0:170:49Bud Powell’s Oblivion0:451:19Practising the sixth diminished scales28:39
Records were Barry’s first school. When he found he could chord but not solo, he borrowed a variable-speed record player, slowed Bud Powell’s solos down and learned them. His generation had one take of each record and learned to play from it. Decades later he still sat at the piano playing along with a Bud record, and he set listening assignments, such as the young Bud behind Cleanhead Vinson on Cootie Williams’s band records.
The Spirit of Bebop16:1516:50Interview: Detroit, Bud Powell and the shuffle4:03The last train to Monk: an interview10:5512:1318:3619:14Barry Harris on WKCR-FM ¶57Barry Harris, Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program ¶109
How he said to practise it
Learn Monk’s songs, especially the ballads, and leave his personal style alone; Barry noted that Monk’s own ‘Round Midnight keeps a tempo people could dance to.
The 2016 workshop, part 3: Monk’s tunes, not his style2:50Barry Harris on WKCR-FM ¶57
Practise playing, not only what you don’t know: take one tune in one key and play chorus after chorus in tempo, trying for something different each time.
Interview: Bird, Hawkins, Monk and New York28:0328:37Jazz theory, part 7: Monk and Stella by Starlight0:33
Slow records down to learn the solos, and sit at the piano playing along with them.
The Spirit of Bebop16:15The last train to Monk: an interview12:13Barry Harris on WKCR-FM ¶325
Listen somewhere quiet so you hear what is underneath, such as the piano behind the singer on the Cootie Williams records.
The last train to Monk: an interview18:36Barry Harris on WKCR-FM ¶115
In Barry’s words
Each one plays from the moment he says it. Every other moment he teaches it is listed below.
I love the songs, but I’m not going to try to play [like] Monk. But I’ll play his songs.
We have to start practicing playing. Monk practiced playing.
If you listen to him play, you’re going to learn something.
You guys got all these takes and you can’t learn nothing. We had one take.
Where this comes from
Everything above is drawn from these. Open any one to check it.
Every moment he teaches it12 moments in 9 recordings
Each time opens the transcript there; the video plays when you are online.
The 2016 workshop, part 3: Monk’s tunes, not his style
Interview: Bird, Hawkins, Monk and New York
Accepting the Bruce Lundvall Visionary Award
- 7:56
The young pianists of his day all named Bud Powell the best; listen to him and learn.
Bud Powell’s sudden change of key
- 0:17
Asks the class to explain why Bud, in B♭, suddenly switches to F.
Bud Powell’s Oblivion
- 0:45
Playing Bud’s Oblivion: no chords in the left hand; the left hand should be interesting.
Interview: Bud Powell and teaching singers
- 8:28
Agrees that Bud doubled up and got lost in bars 7–8 of a blues: he was a searcher.
The Spirit of Bebop
- 16:15
Slowed records on a variable-speed player and learned Bud Powell’s solos.
Interview: Detroit, Bud Powell and the shuffle
- 4:03
His generation had one take of Un Poco Loco and Dance of the Infidels and learned from it.
The last train to Monk: an interview
- 18:36
Listening assignment: young Bud behind Cleanhead Vinson on Cootie Williams’s records.
From the lessons3 lessons, 20 points
Notes taken from Barry’s classes, each tied to the moment it comes from.
Monk’s tunes: a repertoire for a whole night
- Idea
- Idea
Many Monk tunes are new melodies on standard changes; Evidence, for example, is built on Just You, Just Me. That made them easy to take up: players learned Monk’s melodies and put them on changes they already knew, and when Monk called for rhythm they played I Got Rhythm.
The last train to Monk: an interview21:08Piano Jazz with Marian McPartland22:34
- Idea
Monk wrote vehicles on many standard forms, something on Lady Be Good, his own rhythm-changes tune and his own blues, so you can play nothing but Monk tunes all night and have a ball. After Monk died, Barry did exactly that at his first gig, at the Angry Squire: Monk tunes all night and no other song.
Interview: Bird, Hawkins, Monk and New York26:18The Spirit of Bebop29:4630:59
Bud Powell, the pianists’ choice
- Idea
Ask the young pianists of Barry’s day who was best, he said, and while some might name Art Tatum, most would say Bud Powell; he named Wynton Kelly, Bill Evans, John Lewis, Hank Jones and himself among that generation. Young players today, he noted, name many different stars. To Barry, Bud’s technique and creativity were the best of all, every Bud record had something you had never heard before, and his generation learned to play mostly by listening to Bud.
Accepting the Bruce Lundvall Visionary Award7:56Interview: Detroit, Bud Powell and the shuffle9:3710:45The last train to Monk: an interview10:15
- Idea
Barry told how friends knocked on Bud Powell’s door one morning while he was playing Embraceable You. He wouldn’t go out with them, and when they came back that night he was still playing it. Listen to Bud, Barry said, and you will learn something, because he plays things nobody else has played.
- Idea
When Barry was young you owned one take of a performance: one take of Bud Powell’s Un Poco Loco, one of Dance of the Infidels. They learned to play from those single takes. Today’s students have ten or twenty alternate takes and, he said, learn less from them. Yet every take of Bud has something different, which for Barry showed Bud’s genius.
Interview: Detroit, Bud Powell and the shuffle4:03The last train to Monk: an interview10:55
- Idea
A listening assignment from Barry: find somewhere quiet and listen to the piano on the Cootie Williams band records on which Eddie ‘Cleanhead’ Vinson sings, such as Cherry Red Blues and Is You Is or Is You Ain’t My Baby. The young Bud Powell solos all through them, doing things no pianist had done before, as if Cootie had let him do whatever he liked.
- Idea
Listening to a Bud Powell blues, Barry explained why Bud doubled the time in bars seven and eight and got lost: he was such a searcher. Doubling up can confuse anyone, Barry included: you get caught in the double, everything seems to go twice as fast, and you end up in the wrong place. For Barry, Bud’s beauty lies not in right or wrong notes but in the feeling of an imagination searching.
- Idea
Barry remembered one of Bud’s last gigs at Birdland, when Bud was in bad shape. He seemed to play on top of the keys: you could hear him singing along and only now and then a note sounded, yet you could tell he was playing. Barry described it as gliding over the keyboard, and said that is what a pianist has to end up doing.
The Spirit of Bebop17:56
- Idea
A student who spoke at Barry’s funeral said that even asleep in a car, Barry would wake up when a Bud Powell CD came on and ask to hear a choice phrase again.
Barry Harris Funeral57:13
- Idea
Thelonious Monk
- Idea
Barry described seeing Monk in person: Monk would play the theme, then get up and dance, and when Charlie Rouse stopped playing he came right back in at the piano without missing a beat.
Interview: Detroit and after8:42
- Idea
Barry said a lot of Monk rubbed off on Bud Powell, including the whole-tone scale, which Bud took from Monk. Monk was not strictly a bebop pianist but a complete pianist who could stride. And the young players took to his music: ‘Round Midnight, Monk’s Mood, Rhythm-a-ning and more.
- Idea
Because Bud Powell was close to Monk, you can hear Monk in Bud’s sound; and since Barry’s own sound comes from Bud, it has a little Monk in it too. Barry showed that he sometimes slips in a particular note just because it gives a Monk-like flavour.
The 2016 workshop, part 3: Monk’s tunes, not his style2:504:00
- Idea
Barry would not advise learning jazz by studying Monk’s playing: it is too unorthodox and individual to be a method, almost like a composition you can’t improvise on. What Monk really gave us are his songs, especially beautiful ballads like Ruby, My Dear and ‘Round Midnight, which Barry wished he could write. So play Monk’s songs, but don’t try to play like him. Some of his devices are usable, such as running down in thirds, and he used the whole-tone scale a lot. Study Monk only after you have learned everything else.
The 2016 workshop, part 3: Monk’s tunes, not his style0:002:507:008:12
- Idea
Barry lived in the same house as Monk, in New Jersey, for about ten years. He thought Monk withdrew because the calibre of musicians changed as his peers, such as Prez and Coleman Hawkins, died. Barry said Monk more or less lay in Barry’s bed for those ten years and seldom touched the piano, which stood just outside the room.
Interview: Bird, Hawkins, Monk and New York24:40Interview on Italian television1:08The last train to Monk: an interview22:1923:13
- Idea
One day Monk decided they would play the old song My Ideal, and he made Barry keep going: Monk took a chorus, Barry took a chorus, in tempo, over and over, for over an hour. Barry’s count varies between tellings, from about fifty to about a hundred times each. They stayed in E-flat the whole time; the point was not changing keys but playing something different each time. Barry always wished it had been recorded.
Interview: Bird, Hawkins, Monk and New York28:37Interview on Italian television1:40The last train to Monk: an interview21:40Jazz theory, part 7: Monk and Stella by Starlight0:33
- Exercise
The message Barry took from the My Ideal session was that you have to practise playing. To try it his way, choose one tune, stay in one key, and play chorus after chorus in tempo, aiming to play something different each time.
Interview: Bird, Hawkins, Monk and New York28:37Jazz theory, part 7: Monk and Stella by Starlight0:33
- Idea
- Idea
Barry was due to play the piano part at a big concert and asked Monk whether he was sure he didn’t want to play it himself; Monk gave no answer. As another speaker in the film tells it, two minutes before the curtain, with Barry waiting to be introduced, Monk appeared from nowhere, walked past him onto the stage and played for two hours. Barry joked that he got paid for nothing, and said Monk played well. He added that the Baroness Nica looked out for all the jazz musicians and helped them.
In writing8 notes
What his interviews, his students’ class notes and other teachers’ articles add.
Barry said you start by taking things off records, then learn from the players around you. He contrasted Monk’s own ‘Round Midnight, which has a tempo people could dance to, with Miles Davis’s much slower version.
His generation had machines that could slow a record down in any key, and he regretted that proper ones stopped being made; he thought young players would learn better from records than from formal education.
The variable-speed record player belonged to Bess Bonnier, a blind Detroit pianist, who lent it to him after the west-side players out-soloed him; he took it home, slowed records down and taught himself to solo.
Barry Harris, Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program ¶107Barry Harris, Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program ¶109
In the Cootie Williams listening assignment, Barry said to listen in a dark place: under Cleanhead Vinson’s vocal the young Bud Powell is double-timing and running minor arpeggios, which a casual listener will miss.
Explaining his all-Monk night, Barry listed what made it possible: Monk wrote on the blues, on rhythm changes and beautiful ballads, plus pieces on songs like Blue Skies, Tea for Two and Just You, Just Me.
Barry taught Monk tunes such as Rhythm-a-ning and Little Rootie Tootie by ear to children as young as five or six, treating jazz as a second language best learned young.
Barry’s second workshop video includes excerpts of Bud Powell’s The Fruit and Strictly Confidential in its rhythm-section chapter.
Asked whether he absorbed the bebop vocabulary mostly from records and memorised solos, Tommy Flanagan, Barry’s Detroit contemporary, answered that it came mostly from records.
Ted Panken (interviewer); Tommy Flanagan, Tommy Flanagan ¶19Ted Panken (interviewer); Tommy Flanagan, Tommy Flanagan ¶20
How other teachers explain it9 videos, 8 series episodes
Barry’s students, and their students, teaching it their way. A second opinion, not Barry.
- Bud Powell and Barry Harris teach us how to Improvise! EP 162 TILF Barry Harris
Episode 162: Bud Powell and Barry on improvising.
14 min, transcript On YouTube
- TILF Barry Harris Ep 43 Creating Lines using Bud Powell Ideas.
Episode 43: making lines from Bud Powell ideas.
10 min, transcript On YouTube
- Stealing A Bud Powell Phrase EP 115 TILF Barry Harris
Episode 115: taking a Bud Powell phrase.
10 min, transcript On YouTube
- Stealing from Bud Powell EP 144 TILF Barry Harris
Episode 144: stealing from Bud Powell.
11 min, transcript On YouTube
- Transcribing with a Purpose EP 75 TILF Barry Harris
Episode 75: transcribing with a purpose.
11 min, transcript On YouTube
- Barry Harris: The “Ruby My Dear” move
Barry’s move on Monk’s Ruby, My Dear.
6 min On YouTube
- Barry Harris Note Dive: A beautiful run on “Round Midnight”
A run Barry plays on ‘Round Midnight.
12 min On YouTube
- Barry Harris Round Midnight Lesson | Chromatic Bass Reharmonization Technique
A ‘Round Midnight lesson on Barry’s chromatic-bass reharmonisation.
4 min On YouTube
- I’ll Keep Loving You Bud Powell
Bud Powell’s I’ll Keep Loving You.
3 min On YouTube
In the teaching series
Episodes on this idea in the long series by other teachers. Each name opens that whole series in order.
Isaac Raz
- Q&A: using the 7b5 diminished scale YouTube
- More 7b5 diminished moves: two keys from one chord YouTube
- Q&A: a scale outline on ‘Bouncing with Bud’ YouTube
- Note dive: body glove, ‘Hallucinations’ and mixing sixth-diminished YouTube
- The ‘Everything Happens Round Midnight’ move YouTube
- Barry’s ideas on ‘There Will Never Be Another You’ YouTube
- Approaches to Bud Powell’s “Dance of the Infidels” YouTube
Where the accounts differ1 point
Barry’s count of the My Ideal session with Monk varies by telling: about a hundred choruses each on radio in 1988, maybe fifty on Italian television, and ‘over an hour’ in a later interview.
Interview: Bird, Hawkins, Monk and New York27:27Interview on Italian television1:40The last train to Monk: an interview21:40
Read further2 links
These open on the web.
Free to read
- YouTube
— Chris Parks’s free episodes on taking phrases from Bud Powell and transcribing with a purpose.
- checkerboardfilms.org
— The Spirit of Bebop film, where Barry tells of slowing Bud’s records down and of living with Monk.